First question: Not much. I lost about 3 mpg, but most of my driving is short, local trips and I don't know how to drive conservatively. Most shifts are at 3-3500, mix of city/fwy driving (most fwy at around 80 mph) gets me a solid 18-19 mpg. The occasional road trip (all fwy) I can usually get 22-23 mpg. Set the cruise control at 70 and you can see 25 mpg.
Second question: I don't know how much power or how cheap you want it, so I'm just going to say nitrous. Prices vary, but you can get a brand new wet kit for about $600. Considerably less $$ if you buy somebody's used crap. And although there are those who seem to get away without doing so (I've met them), a custom dyno tune is recommended to go along with this, so figure like another $2-300 for that.