Running on 4 cyl after overheat.

So today while driving home to the family for thanksgiving, the lower radiator hose popped off, dumped the entire system, and overheat the engine. As soon as that needle started going up I babied the engine as soft as I could, pulled off the nearest exit, and parked. The engine died right at 40 mph, before it died there was severe knocking, no abnormal shaking, no smell. I opened up the hood and very little white smoke was coming up from BOTH sides of the engine, at first I thought I had ate up the valve cover gaskets, which was not the case. After putting the hose (which was in great condition) back onto the radiator, I filled it up with fluid (one gallon of 50/50 green, the rest water. I'm broke as all get out.) I realized that my radiator cap was not working, so off to the store to buy a new one. Now the coolant system is fixed and works fine again, the engine is not firing 2 cyl. The engine shakes like an earthquake at idle, there is a light spinning sound when accelerating, that's the best i can describe it, and it sounds just like my buddies 4 cyl Foxbody. I may upload a video if I get too many "huh's?" Also, upon removing the oil cap on the valve cover, a nice white smoke slowly rises out. It smells like just burnt, nothing but burnt. It doesn't smell like oil though, oddly enough. The engine did drive another 100 miles like this though, with no fuss at all. So I am absolutely stumped, We definitely didn't cover this in engines.