It doesn't sound like your level was extremely low, but it's really not possible to guess what might have happened. You're right that the temp gauge is pretty meaningless without coolant. I guess you'll find out when you get the radiator in. It will take a pressurized cooling system to determine if you blew a head-gasket or warped the heads.
I only wanted to comment that a fluid level the drops to water-pump height might be a leaking water-pump and not the radiator if you hadn't directly witnessed the leaking. Usually a leaking water-pump will be less dramatic than a leaking radiator and won't let off quite as much steam.
I only wanted to comment that a fluid level the drops to water-pump height might be a leaking water-pump and not the radiator if you hadn't directly witnessed the leaking. Usually a leaking water-pump will be less dramatic than a leaking radiator and won't let off quite as much steam.